The eight countries under examination here – Russia, Georgia, Serbia, North Korea, China, Cuba, Laos and Venezuela – went through the process of revolt against capitalism in very different ways, and the failure to build socialism in each separate case offers many lessons for those who still rebel against exploitation and oppression and who want a better world.

Introduction to ‘Socialisms’: Blueprints

Bibliography

There is an additional long article about Lithuania here

There is an additional long article about Seychelles here

There is an additional long article about Keralam here

There is a review of Lea Ypi’s book on Albania here

There is a review of Stars at Noon (on Nicaragua) here

There is a recording of an introduction to the book here

The full chapters appear in Ian Parker’s Revisiting Socialisms: Revolutions Betrayed, Mislaid and Unmade, published by Resistance Books and the IIRE (2020). Buy it here